Clan of the Horses

ADAPTATION OF THE NOVEL

2011-10-27T04:28:00.000-07:00

So, this week (approx 1 year after the initial option agreement was signed) the producer and I had a meeting to discuss the first, completed draft of the screenplay. Based on this reading the production company, Neofilm, has decided to renew the option agreement for another year. The producer has not set a deadline for the next draft, but my plan is to finish version II by Christmas. That will add some pressure to the writing process and that's how I like to work.

The challenges of adaptation
Many people will say that an adaptation requires the original story to be simplified. But when a adaptation is truely good, the right word is refined. The true art of adaptation is to conserve the core and quality of the original story - and ideally enhance it.

For those of you unfamiliar with the screenplay format I'd like to point out that it rarely consists of more than 25.000 word. The avarage novel, on the other hand, rarely uses less than 60.000 words. The novel in question here, Clan of the Horses, consists of 114.000 words - and in order to succeed with an adaptation, something's gotta give...


Manuscript vs screenplay. This is were we decide which film we are going to make.

First producer meeting (October 25th 2011)
After the first meeting and read through with the producer I have four pages of hand written notes to guide me in the process of writing the next draft.
We both agree that the structure is more or less in place, and when it comes to writing screenplays the gurus of the screen trade will tell you that there are only three things that really counts in the art of writing a screenplay, namely: Structure, structure, structure.
Personally I see it differently. A screenplay must have structure, that is beyond debate, but it also needs soul. Without soul it will only be an empty construction. It is like building an empty house. And an empty house can never be a home. You need people for that.

The notes from the producer are very valuable to me, because his eys are both professional and fresh. His overall conclusion is also important to me:

Original story, with many magnificent scenes, but the script as such is too long (reduction estimated to between 10 and 20 pages) and the relationship between the characters (the soul) must be nuanced.

The art of adjusting one's ambitions

My first ambition was to keep the book intact through the adaptation process, and I have used the better part of the last twelve months to adjust that ambition. Having worked in the film industry since 1999, I know all too well that the story from my novel will have to be told in a very different manner in order to make it work on the silver screen. We are not going to produce a book in a screen format, we are going to produce a film based on the core of the original story. This simple fact will inevitably force us to make some unpleasant choices, but in the end it will also result in a better movie.

Samples from the adaptation process
In the novel I have eight main characters. In the screenplay I have reduced them to five. Some characters are omitted, some are "blended" into the remaining characters; by taking over important lines and actions needed for the story. Other characters are extended, to help us understand the protagonist and her struggle, turning her inner monologue to visible and understandable action.

I have reduced the original story by about 70 % when it comes to amount of words, but the screenplay is still too long. The upcoming rewrite is going to hurt, in other words. There are no easy choices left, but that is also the real beauty when it comes to scriptwriting. Every single scene must be reassessed in terms of improvement or deletion. I really look forward to this part of the writing process. This is were the search for real gold begins... and where your dearest darlings get killed.

Omitted elements from the novel

2011-09-30T05:29:00.000-07:00

When Amanda Fivel, the protagonist in Clan of the Horses, has her first riding lesson with Torgeir Rosenlund he asks her to start to notice the little things.

"What little things?" Amanda asks.

"The little things you do not notice," Torgeir Rosenlund replies.

Here are two other things Torgeir told Amanda about, that is not included in the book. To little things that are far from little from the horse's pont of view:

THE "ART" OF CONSISTENCY
Many cinicians and trainers will point out the importancy of riders being "consistent" around horses. But consistancy must not be confused with having good routines. Good routines creates a sense of safety and security for horses. Horses are designed to follow the rhythm of nature - and we owe them a ryhthm when we keep them too. But when we start talking about "consistency", there are some nuances that are easily lost - that really matters to the horse.

In this blog I will explain why the art of consistancy can be counter productive when dealing with horses. I will also argue that this way of thinking is applicable when raising children. The idea of simply deciding what's allowed and what is forbidden, and spend our time guarding the fine line between these two extremities is just not good enough, neither for horses nor children. Still, this is what people do. All the time. Here are two classic examples in riding and horse handeling.

1. IT IS FORBIDDEN TO SCRATCH YOUR HEAD WHILE WEARING A BRIDLE

(Illustrasjonsbilde fra Carterses photostream, Flickr)

When asked, people will give you many different reasons for not allowing their horse to scratch his head when the bridle is on. Wear on equipment is a common explanation. It is also a matter of safety; the horse might get intangled or hurt. Some just say it's just a rule they choose to enforce for no particular reason.

Picture: Maxillary artery and Nerve
(Antatomy of the Horse ISBN: 3-89993-003-7)

From the horses point of view:
Wearing a noseband can be quite unpleasant for a horse, due to the anatomy of the scull, especially if the noseband is too tight or poorly adjusted.

For one, there is a hole in the horse's scull just about where the avarage noseband will add pressure. And some of the largest facial nerves have their pathway through this hole, and as you well know, nerves that are pinched, often generate discomfort or pain.

The horses teeth are also in potential conflict with the noseband. The horse's lower jaw is wider than the upper jaw, and this anatomic detail creates a sharp edge that can cause a lot of pain on the mucous membranes in the mouth. Sometimes it creates wounds invisible from the outside. You also need to be aware of how wired (full of nerves) and sensitive the whole area aroud the muzzle is.

The noseband can in other words cause both pain and dicomfort. And the degree of discomfort can often be read on the horses behaviour. If the horse is desperate to scrath his face after riding, check your gear. Sweat alone can for sure also cause an itch, but it is your responsibility as a rider to make sure the horse is not subjected to pain or discomfort due to the equipment you put on.

Word of advice:
We rarely talk about the horse's need to scratch the head after riding, but it is really worth talking about. Correcting a horse for scrathing might be a mistake, whilst adjusting the bridle, or changing it completely, might be a very good idea. If there is no discomfort connected to the bridle, horses feel no need to scratch...

2. THE HORSE MUST STAND STILL WHILE MOUNTED

This picture is gathered from a british website on riding.

Under the picture the expert list nine things to bear in mind when mounting a horse. The fact that it will be nearly impossible for this horse to maintain balance, and thus stand, isn't mentioned with a single word...

It is important that the horse stand still while you mount for safety reasons, and first and foremost because it teaches the horse to stand still when you get (or fall) off. But you should always be very carefull about correcting the horse if he moves when you mount. Expecially if you haven't made 100 % sure that it is possible for him maintain the balance he needs in order to stand still...

From the horse's point of view:
The riders weight has a great influence on the horse's balance, as any rider well know, but the balance is never disturbed more than the moment we mount the horse. Hence, we owe it to the horse to prepair him for the weight transfer in advance. In other words, it is our responsibility as riders to make sure it is physically possible to stand still before we mount the horse. The horse needs a solid triangle to keep his balance, so the placement of the horse's feet is vital before you even concider to mount. If your body weight push the horse off balance, he will be forced to move to regain it. Now picture that you punish the horse for moving a step or two forward whilst trying to regain the balance you have disturbed through poor preparation? It is done frequently...

Word of advice:
You should always prepair you horse before you mount, by making sure the horse's body weight is equally distributed. The feet must form a solid triangel or a solid square. Using a stool is recommended, because the disruption af balance is reduced and it saves the nerves and muscles in the back and withers. Taking a deep breath and expecting the horse to stand, will also prove helpfull - for the horse.

As far as children goes, we have similar challenges; we often invent rules and enforce them without having considered wether the rules are based on something authentic that will provide meaning or if they are merely constructions made to state an example. If something is forbidden, it must mean something. It can't be forbidden just because mom or dad said so. Rules like that add no knowledge or understanding in your children's world, and thus only makes it smaller...

The true connection

2011-08-04T05:12:00.000-07:00

An important element in the novel Clan of the Horses/Zwischen Himmel und Erde is the almost magical connection that can grow between (wo)man and horse. Our encounter with horses can also serve as a metaphore for our encounter with nature - the one we have within and the one that surrounds us. Everytime you encounter a horse you will get first hand knowledge about yourself and the state of your inner balance - if your heart and eyes are open.

The quality of the connection I am describing in the novel is rare. You are not likely to see it in the competition arena and you are not likely to see it in a traditional stable (although it happens). There are few videos you can find that will guide you to guide you. But there are videos out there that can give you a clue if you wonder what it looks like. Like this video by Klaus F. Hempfling, a horseman that has inspired me on many different levels over the last years. This footage shows the first steps.

Please note:
1. How the horse moves, with lightness, pride and freedom.
2. The subtle communication with the horse's hind legs - the dance.
3. The space between them - and how they both treasure it in a respectful way.

The Absence of Method

2011-02-28T04:08:00.000-08:00

Many of the clinicians that are operative in the horse world today build their work on a given method, often one with a fixed idea of where to start, what to do next and sometimes also where to finish (reach the highest or final level) - as though there is an end to life besides death…

I haven't been blogging for a while now, due to writing, but this blog is long overdue and had to be written. The topic is an important part of the very foundation Clan of the Horses is built on: The absence of method.

Why we disregard methods in our philosophy

A method is always based on fixed ideas, thus making it incompatible with the true path of the horse – and the true path of your life. Over time, a method will never add anything to your life, but the feeling of being lost.

The fact that the majority of the methods in the horse world are based on dominance is not helping either. It is true that dominance is a language every mammal can understand. But we should always bear in mind that no one speaks this language more fluently than a human being with a fixed plan…

The greatest challenge we face in our encounter with methods is the fact that many of them seem to “work” - at first glance. And when we start to smell the scent of success, we often fail to take that important second glance that would disclose what we lose in the process. I could list dozens of major flaws related to the most popular methods in use today, and I will at some point, but for now I’ll stick to three important headlines:

1. Methods destroy initiative. The horse's own initiative - and yours.

Without an opening for initiative, the horse will at some point decide to leave everything up to you, because that is the only real choice at hand for a cooperating herd animal within a fixed system. Interestingly enough, a lot of trainers consider this to be a good thing. But this forced mental surrender is not only against a herd animal's inner nature, it also ruins the deeper qualities of the relationship we can experience with our horses. Real partnership and real friendship have the qualities of mutual trust, shared initiative and love. It is a myth that qualities like these can grow out of a method.

2. Methods disregard the opportunity to meet in the moment

Horses always live in the moment and if we listen to them they can teach us how. Instead of welcoming this tremendous gift in our busy lives, we tend to stick to our fixed plan. And as far as the ability to live in the moment goes, we often enough end up with e.g. expensive meditation lessons, provided by instructors with superficial techniques to aid us in our search for the same inner balance that the horse is offering us for free.

3. Dominance is not the natural language of the horse

Cooperation is. Horses are herd animals, whose primary instinct is to cooperate voluntarily and unreservedly for the greater good, knowing that a well functioning herd is the key to survival.

Horses understand dominance as a language, but they don’t use it for their own personal benefit, like humans do. A herd of horses consists of members who all have different tasks and they complete each other. The idea of a dominant leader is a human concept that over time will break the horse’s spirit. The fact that this is a pronounced goal within many methods should really cause some raising eyebrows. Who in their right mind would break the spirit of their human partner? Isn’t this the goal of a psychopath?

Running out of options will never create a free choice.

HESTENES KLAN/CLAN OF THE HORSES

2010-08-01T10:53:00.000-07:00

The earliest depictions of women riding astride can be seen in Mongolian, Greek and Celtic art. But through the centuries it has often been considered inappropriate for women to ride in this manner. Women were best seated aside, being led by a man...

Etymology (the study of the history of words) has always intrigued me. And I have always been fascinated by Greek and Norse mythology. About ten years ago I made an interesting discovery that had its origins in the combination of these two interests. The definition of a centaur is a “creature half human half horse”, but all the centaurs I had seen in art were masculine. Still the definition didn’t read “half man, half horse”. Where were all the female centaurs and what are they called? To my astonishment none of my dictionaries could provide an answer to that question.

Another thing I noticed was that the Amazons in Greek mythology supposedly cut off/burnt off their right breast to be able to use a bow more freely without physical "limitations". But there is no indication of such a practice in works of art, in which the Amazons are always depicted with two breasts, although the right one is frequently covered. That made me think. Why would it be so impossible to go into battle with two breasts? I can’t remember ever having read that men needed to be emasculated in order to ride a horse in battle, although it makes a lot more sense.

When reading about women and horses, I always had a feeling that something was missing or hidden. And after years of research I think I have found that missing piece, or rather, I think the piece has found me. It turns out that there is another side of the story when it comes to women and horses - a story that is ripe to be told, as it turned out.

On this blog you can read about women and horses as they are described through written mythological and historical records, but more importantly you are invited to read excerpts of a completely different story: A story that women have preserved through the centuries solely by oral traditions and secret clans, referred to as Clan of the Horses/Hestenes klan.

Clan of the Horses/Hestenes klan - the writing

2010-05-13T14:29:00.000-07:00

I think I was around 15 the first time I realized that I would write a book some day - and it somehow felt like a book of substantial volume, even then.
Around 1994 I started out writing about a topic that I found very intriguing and close to heart. It was a project on horses and - in particular – people whom where good at handling them. At the time I had been riding for about fifteen years and I put down on paper everything I had ever learned about horses.

But in the midst of the creative writing process I came to realize that I was not the only one working on a novel with the title “The Horsewhisperer”. The disappointment of having lost both the title and some key elements of my project to another author was hard to accept, but at the time I felt that I lacked the experience and maturity needed to do a rewrite. The only possibility left was to wait - until time was ripe. For years I kept the script in a cool, dark place – like a bottle of wine in a wine cellar. Occasionally I would write down some scenes or some dialogue, but it could be month, even years between each time I wrote these fragments of my future novel.

Then something happened that changed everything, and it gave me a new direction and a very different energy in both my way of being with horses and my way of writing about it. After more than a decade of research on what some people refer to as “the Path of the Horse”. After having seen some of the great trainers of our time and after having tried to fill in some missing pieces in a larger puzzle, I suddenly felt I had a story I really needed to tell. A very different story from the one I tried to tell back in the mid nineties.

The novel Clan of the Horses, is not based on someone else’s experience, it is the result of a life lived and time spent with horses. It is first and foremost a novel about becoming who you are meant to be. It is my experience that horses can guide us on the journey of becoming whole, authentic - and true to our own soul. Horses therefore play an important part in the story, as they have played an important part in my life. Readers unfamiliar with horses tend to read the horse as a metaphor or a symbol for something else, and I guess in some way that is what horses really are.

Personally I think of the novel as an invitation, it is, for what it is worth, nothing more than the sum of all my experience – both in life and with horses. I have taken out 220 pages (100.000 words from the original script), but I have made no compromises when it comes to the core of the story. What I have ended up with is an authentic story that I recognize as the story I – at the age of 15 - felt I was going to write some day.

Clan of the Horses/Hestenes klan – the energy

2010-03-11T14:27:00.000-08:00

Some years ago I made a drawing in black and white of an open landscape bathed in moonlight. On the nightly sky I then drew the constellation Big Dipper (the plough/Karlsvogna) and someone pointed out to me that the constellation was facing the wrong direction, like a mirror image. My reply was, and still is: If seen from the other side, this is what the Big Dipper would look like.

What you see is very influenced by where you stand, by your point of view. There are always - at least - two sides to every story.

When women riding astride are depicted in art or described in historical and mythological records, we often find them where men traditionally have spent a lot of time and energy: In the battlefields, where a significant part of human history is written. Women included in these arenas are depicted as fighting shieldmaidens or as Valkyries, who bring the dead to Valhalla. And in some cases women’s presence have changed the course of history in eg battles or conflicts, like Jeanne d’Arc (Joan of Arc) and Lady Godiva did - in their own unique way.

But these are known historical facts and legends well preserved. The story I want to share is a story that has never been revealed before; a story gathered from the unwritten pages of the history books and the paintings on canvases that were never used: Stories of horsewomen from a secret tradition, known as Clan of the Horses/Hestenes klan.

These horsewomen approach horses in a very different way. They use a soft-spoken language from another time, another place and another energy. You rarely find these horsewomen in the centre of attention. They have traditionally met in the woods, in the fields and on the steppes, far away from battlefields, tournaments and competition arenas, although there are historical and present exceptions.

You can recognize them by the bracelet some of them wear around their left wrist, but above all you can recognize them by the way they handle their horses. They are usually not very sociable when they spend time in the stable, and they are often regarded as a bit “strange” and somewhat "untraditional". They never use much tack on their horses and they seem to prefer trail riding (but their horses are often trained at very hign levels). You are not likely to bump into them in the forest because they tend to choose the paths less travelled, or the narrow paths made by wild animals. They often keep to themselves and they are likely to come to the stable at odd times, when few people are there. If they run stables they usually prefer to ride after closing time, when it is quiet and they can spend time with the horses without interference or interruptions. To these women, riding is meditation. Not static, immobile and rigid, but as part of the horse’s movements, with energy flowing freely and unhindered between horse and rider. Some think of them as loners, but nothing could be further from the truth. They are, however, very strict about what kind of human energy they allow around their horses whilst riding, since they mainly use energy to communicate with their horses.

Nótt

2010-03-03T05:35:00.000-08:00

NÓTT (Old Norse: Night) is the personified night in Norse mythology. She is the daughter of a jotne (“troll”) named Nörvi from Jötunheimr (Jotunheimen).
In the Prose Edda we find details about Nótt including records of her three marriages. Nótt's third marriage was with the god Dellingr and resulted in their son Dagr, the personified day. So, according to Norse mythology day is born out of night - night always precedes day.

Both in Poetic and Prose Edda (written in the 13th century), Nótt is associated with the horse Hrímfaxi ("rime mane" or "frost mane"). It was believed that the foam created when Hrímfaxi was chewing on the bit as he ran over the nightly sky, gave us morning dew in the summer and frost in the winter. The morning dew/frost was also the only food for Lif (which is the origin of my name, Live) and Liftharsir, the two sole survivors of Ragnarok (Doom of the Gods, end of the world).

Nótt’s son Dagr is associated with the horse Skinfaxi ("shining mane"). It was believed that Skinfaxi pulled Dagr’s chariot across the sky every day and that it was Skinfaxi’s shining mane that lit up the sky and the earth below. The myth of Skinfaxi and Hrimfaxi is believed to have its roots in Nordic Bronze Age religion, from which there is strong evidence of beliefs involving a horse pulling the sun across the sky (see: The Trundholm Sun Chariot). Both the sun and the precious metal gold are symbols closely connect to the horse in various cultures.

Source: Wikipedia, Lexikon der Symbole - Hans Biedermann
Painting by Peter Nicolai Arbo

The Trundholm sun chariot

2010-03-01T05:22:00.000-08:00

THE TRUNDHOLM SUN CHARIOT (solvognen) is a late Nordic Bronze Age artefact found in Denmark. This artefact is a depiction of the sun being pulled by a mare, and is believed to have relation to later Norse mythology attested in 13th century sources (Edda). It is a possible Bronze Age predecessor to Skinfaxi, the horse that pulled Dagr, the personification of day, across the sky.

The sun chariot was drawn by a single horse, but there are indications that it might have been pulled back across the sky from west to east by a second horse.
Related are Arvak and Alsvid, the horses of the chariot of Sól. In Norse mythology, Sól is the personified goddess of the Sun. Every day Sól rode through the sky on her chariot, pulled by the two horses Arvak and Alsvid. The sun chariot has been interpreted as representing a Bronze Age predecessor to the goddess.

Source: Wikipedia

Medieval women and horses

2010-02-27T23:39:00.000-08:00

Most medieval women rode astride. While an early chair-like side saddle with handles and a footrest was available by the 13th century and allowed women of the nobility to ride while wearing long gowns, they were not universally adopted during the Middle Ages. This was largely due to the insecure seat they offered, which necessitated a smooth-gaited horse being led by a man. The side saddle did not become practical for everyday riding until the 16th century. Then the pommel horn was developed, which secured the seat and made it stabil enough for women to control their horses and ride all four gates.

It was not unknown for women to ride war horses, and take their part in warfare. Joan of Arc is probably the most famous female warrior of the medieval period, but there were many others, including the Empress Matilda who, armoured and mounted, led an army against her cousin Stephen of Blois in the 12th Century. The fifteenth-century writer Christine de Pizan advised aristocratic ladies that they must "know the laws of arms and all things pertaining to warfare, ever prepared to command her men if there is need of it”.

It was not uncommon for a girl to learn her father's trade, and for a woman to share her husband's trade; many guilds also accepted the membership of widows, allowing them to continue their husband's business. Under this system, some women trained in horse-related trades as e.g. farriers and saddle-makers.

Despite the difficulties of travel, it was customary for both men and women, to travel long distances. Upper-class wives frequently accompanied their husbands on crusades or to tournaments. When not on foot, women would usually travel on horseback. Women of the nobility also rode horses for sport, accompanying men in activities like hunting.

Source: Wikipedia
Painting by unknown artist

Shieldmaidens

2010-02-27T14:56:00.000-08:00

A SHIELDMAIDEN (Norse: Skjoldmøy) was a woman who had chosen to fight as a warrior. They are frequently mentioned in sagas in Norse folklore and mythology. Shieldmaidens also appear in stories of other Germanic nations: Goths, Cimbri and Marcomanni. The Valkyries might have been based on the shieldmaidens and they were also known to be J.R.R. Tolkien's inspiration for Éowyn. :)
There are few historical evidences of Viking Age women taking part in warfare, but it happened for sure on several occasions. Sometimes disguised and sometimes in the open - but not necessarily topless like Brynhildr here. For sure, then people would have noticed...

Source: Wikipedia
Depiction of Brynhildr by Robert Engels (1919)

Lady Godiva

2010-02-25T23:04:00.000-08:00

LADY GODIVA was a historical figure and the wife of Leofric, Earl of Mercia. (Godgifu or Godgyfu means "gift of God”. Godiva is the Latinised version.)

According to the legend, Lady Godiva took pity on the poor people who suffered under her husband's oppressive system and heavy taxes. Lady Godiva appealed again and again to her husband to lighten the burden on his subjects. Her husband obstinately refused to compile, but weary of her entreaties, he finally said he would agree to make changes if she would strip naked and ride through the streets of the town. This was unheard of and he hoped it would be the end of the discussion, but Lady Godiva took him at his word and, after issuing a proclamation that people should stay indoors and shut their windows, she rode through the town naked, only “dressed” in her long, red hair. As a result of this ride, Lady Godiva's husband kept his word and abolished the onerous taxes.

The oldest form of the legend has Godiva passing through Coventry market from one end to the other attended only by two knights, while the people were assembled and looking down in respect. This version is given in Flores Historiarum in the 12th century, quoted from an earlier writer. The later story, with its episode of "Peeping Tom," appeared first among 17th century chroniclers. There it was told that one single man, a tailor ever afterwards known as Peeping Tom, disobeyed Lady Godiva’s proclamation. This is probably the most famous example of voyeurism in history. It was told that Tom managed to get a glimpse of Lady Godiva as she passed by, and that he was struck blind.

Source: Wikipedia
Painting by John Collier 1897

Jeanne d'Arc (Joan of Arc)

2010-02-25T06:25:00.000-08:00

JEANNE D’ARC (1412 –1431) was a national heroine of France and now a Catholic saint (canonized by the pope in 1920). She was a peasant girl born in eastern France who led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War, claiming divine guidance. This young girl was indirectly responsible for the coronation of Charles VII…
The extent of her actual military leadership is a subject of historical debate, for sure. Some say she was a standard bearer whose primary effect was on morale. Others say that her fellow officers esteemed her as a skilled tactician and a successful strategist. In either case, historians agree that the army enjoyed remarkable success during Jeanne’s brief military career…
A reckless skirmish on 23 May 1430 led to her being captured. Jeanne had ordered a retreat and assumed the place of honour as the last to leave the field. She was unhorsed by an archer and forced to surrender.
It was customary for a captive's family to pay ransom to free a prisoner of war, but unfortunately, Jeanne’s family lacked the financial resources. Jeanne had to face a trial of heresy (challenging the established system of belief) which was a capital crime. The trial against her was politically motivated, and the trial record demonstrates her remarkable intellect.
Jeanne d’Arc was not a feminist. She was just a girl who felt she received a divine calling, and since her mission was to do a man's job, she dressed accordingly. She kept her hair cut short through her military campaigns, but agreed to wear women's clothes when she was captured, but ended up dressed as a man again during the trial. Some say she did it to protect herself from harassment in jail. Some say she did it because her dress was taken from her and she was left with nothing else to wear.

The technical reason for her execution was a biblical clothing law. Jeanne d’Arc was burned at the stake. She was 19 years old.

Source: Wikipedia

The Valkyries

2010-02-19T12:58:00.000-08:00

THE VALKYRIES (Old Norse: "Chooser of the slain") were female warrior-like riders who, according to Norse mythology, would ride into the battlefields and collect the bodies of the warriors that the god Odin had decided would fall. The Valkyries brought their chosen ones to Valhalla (Hall of the Slain). It was considered an honourable death and Viking warriors were strong in their belief that the after life in Valhalla was worth dying for. Valhalla was located in Asgard and ruled over by Odin. In Valhalla the deceased warriors became einherjar (Norse: Lone fighters), and part of an army preparing for Ragnarok.

Source: Wikipedia
Painting by Peter Nicolai Arbo (1865)

Centaurides (no: Kentaurider)

2010-02-18T12:37:00.000-08:00

THE KENTAURIDES (or Centaurides) were female members of the Kentauroi (Centaur) tribe. Kentaurides are seldom mentioned in ancient Greek literature, but they occasionally appear in ancient Greek paintings and mosaics and reliefs from the Roman era

The most known Centauride in Greek mythology is Hylonome. She was present at the battle against the Lapiths, where she lost her husband, the centaur Cyllarus. Heartbroken, she then took her own life to join him. She died holding her husband in her arms.

The female centaurs also have a Philippine counterpart called Anggitay.

Sources:
Ovid, Metamorphoses - Latin Epic C1st B.C. - C1st A.D.
Wikipedia.
Theoi Project.
Illustration: Roman mosaic from Elles C4th A.D., Bardo Museum, Tunis

The Amazons

2010-02-17T12:19:00.000-08:00

THE AMAZONS were women warriors trained in the art of war. The origin of the word Amazon is uncertain. It may be derived from an Iranian ethnonym *ha-mazan-, "warriors". It might be a Greek derivation from "manless, without husbands". In popular etymology the word is believed to come from the Greek a-mazos, "without breast".
Amazons were said to have lived in Pontus, a part of modern day Turkey near the shore of the Black Sea. There they formed an independent kingdom ruled by a queen named Hippolyta or Hippolyte ("loose, unbridled mare").
A common misunderstanding about the Amazons is that they allegedly had their right breast cut off in order to use a bow more freely and throw spears without physical limitations and obstructions. But there is no indication of such a practice in works of art, in which the Amazons are always represented with both breasts, although the right is frequently covered.
The Amazons had a matriarchal social structure where men were marginalized or banned. According to some versions of the myth, no men were permitted to reside with the Amazons; but once a year, in order to prevent their race from dying out, the Amazons would go out and met men outside their kingdom. Baby boys born within the Amazon culture were killed, abandoned in the wilderness to fend for themselves or sent back to their fathers. Baby girls were brought up within the Amazon community, were they learned agriculture, riding, hunting and the art of war.
Archaeological evidence seems to confirm the existence of women-warriors. The Amazons are believed to have founded several cities, amongst them Smyrna, Ephesus, Sinope, and Paphos.

Source: Wikipedia
Painting by Claude Déruet, 1620s